{"id":1523,"date":"2020-08-31T15:48:33","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T19:48:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.abijustice.org\/legalexperts\/?page_id=1523"},"modified":"2023-12-06T15:20:19","modified_gmt":"2023-12-06T20:20:19","slug":"working-with-vulnerable-persons","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.abijustice.org\/legal-professionals\/challenges-strategies\/working-with-vulnerable-persons\/","title":{"rendered":"Working with Vulnerable Persons"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601661547248{padding-top: 60px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_separator][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu=&#8221;31&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Working with Vulnerable Persons&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#11ae4b&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601661013517{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><u><b>Legal Professionals Representing Vulnerable Clients<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">In this section you will find information to consider in representing clients who have sustained a brain injury and as a result struggle with cognitive, emotional, and physical impairments. These individuals can experience symptoms which can diminish their ability to fully participate and understand the complexities of the criminal justice system. These individuals often experience co-occurring conditions such as mental health or addictions which further compound their vulnerability in unequal access and participation in complex court proceedings and criminal justice systems. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">For Legal professionals to adequately represent their client\u2019s interests it must be determined if a client meets the definition of a legal disability and that they have the competency to direct their counsel. Assessing an individual&#8217;s ability to comprehend and participate in the proceedings will determine the type of accommodations that are required to ensure a fair and equitable process. This also ensures that the client is able to adequately direct their legal counsel.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<style>#sp-ea-1982 .spcollapsing { height: 0; overflow: hidden; transition-property: height;transition-duration: 500ms;}#sp-ea-1982.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {margin-bottom: 10px; border: 1px solid #e2e2e2; }#sp-ea-1982.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a {color: #444;}#sp-ea-1982.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.sp-collapse>.ea-body {background: #fff; color: #444;}#sp-ea-1982.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single {background: #eee;}#sp-ea-1982.sp-easy-accordion>.sp-ea-single>.ea-header a .ea-expand-icon { float: left; color: #444;font-size: 16px;}<\/style><div id=\"sp_easy_accordion-1777450108\"><div id=\"sp-ea-1982\" class=\"sp-ea-one sp-easy-accordion\" data-ex-icon=\"minus\" data-col-icon=\"plus\"  data-ea-active=\"ea-click\"  data-ea-mode=\"vertical\" data-preloader=\"\" data-scroll-active-item=\"\" data-offset-to-scroll=\"0\"><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19820\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19820\" aria-controls=\"collapse19820\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> Legal Disability<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19820\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19820\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><h2><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><b>Legal Disability\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><i><u>This information has been summarized with permission from - <\/u><\/i><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonrogers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/representing-vulnerable-and-incapable-clients.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc\"><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><i><u>https:\/\/www.thomsonrogers.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/representing-vulnerable-and-incapable-clients.pdf<\/u><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/a><em> via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelitigator.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Litigator<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Persons will be \u201cmentally incapable\u201d under the Act if they fail to meet the \u201cunderstand or appreciate\u201d test: that is, they are not able to understand information relevant to making a decision concerning their property (which includes a legal claim), care or safety; OR, they are not able to appreciate the reasonably foreseeable consequences of a decision or lack of decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Legal disability has very real consequences for a client. It results in a near total loss of autonomy in the legal process. A client cannot pursue a legal claim except by and through a Litigation Guardian.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\"> A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Litigation Guardian is empowered to do \u201canything\u201d required or authorized to be done by a party to litigation and who alone \u201cinstruct[s] the lawyer in the conduct of the [legal] proceeding\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19821\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19821\" aria-controls=\"collapse19821\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> Determining Mental Capacity <\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19821\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19821\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u><b>Determining Mental Capacity\u00a0<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">The starting point is the legal presumption that a person has capacity <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">until proven otherwise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Capacity is demonstrated by the ability to\u201cunderstand\u201d and \u201cappreciate.\u201d To meet the test for capacity to instruct counsel, persons must: (1) understand what they have asked the lawyer to do for them and why; (2) be able to understand and process the information, advice and options the lawyer presents; and, (3) appreciate the advantages, drawbacks and potential consequences associated with the options with which they are presented (i.e. be able to assess risk).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">It is only when clients appear unable to understand information provided to <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">them, or to appreciate the consequences of a decision, good or bad, does their <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">capacity come into question.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Incapacity must stem from a mental source such as mental illness, dementia, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">developmental delay or physical injury. It does not stem a lack of sophistication, <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">education or cultural differences.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">The incapacity must affect the party\u2019s decision-making in relation to the <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">issues in the litigation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Lawyers can educate themselves about common <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">mental disabilities and typical accommodations associated with such d<\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">isabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Clients are ultimately the best resource in this regard \u2013 asking them <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">what accommodations they need to understand, appreciate, and participate <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">in the lawyer-client relationship is usually the best starting point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">Lawyers are precluded from acting on behalf of an incapable client, they <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">are necessarily under an obligation to assess their clients\u2019 capacity to instruct <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">counsel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">\u00b7<\/span> <span style=\"font-size: medium\">While Rules of Professional Conduct impose an ethical duty on the lawyer <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">to take steps to ensure that a legally disabled client\u2019s interests are protected <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">and not abandoned, they do little to provide any meaningful guidance <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">about how a lawyer is supposed to determine a client\u2019s capacity.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19822\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19822\" aria-controls=\"collapse19822\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> The Assessment of Older Adults with Diminished Capacity<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19822\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19822\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/aging\/resources\/guides\/diminished-capacity.pdf\"><u>The Assessment of Older Adults with Diminished Capacity<\/u><\/a>: A <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Handbook for Lawyers by the American Bar Association, recommends that the first step is to conduct a \u201cpreliminary screening\u201d to identify any \u201cred flags\u201d suggesting possible incapacity.\u00a0<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19823\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19823\" aria-controls=\"collapse19823\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> Accommodating Clients with Diminished Capacity<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19823\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19823\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><p><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u><b>Accommodating Clients with <\/b><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u><b>Diminished Capacity<\/b><\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">To promote accessibility and inclusion for individuals who have sustained a brain injury and struggle with cognitive impairment, Lawyers might consider one or more of the following during client meetings to provide adequate accessibility and accommodations to address symptoms of ABI.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Provide advance explanation of the purpose of any meeting with the <\/span><span style=\"font-size: medium\">client.<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Discuss one issue at a time.<\/li>\n<li>Break information into small, manageable chunks.<\/li>\n<li>Use simple, straightforward, non-legalese language.<\/li>\n<li>Speak at a slower pace to allow the client to process information.<\/li>\n<li>Allow extra time for clients to formulate and ask clarifying questions.<\/li>\n<li>Provide cues to assist recall rather than expecting spontaneous retrieval of information.<\/li>\n<li>Repeat, paraphrase, summarize, and check periodically for accuracy of communication and comprehension.<\/li>\n<li>Confirm understanding by asking the client to explain in their own words what has been said.<\/li>\n<li>If information is not understood, incompletely understood, or misunderstood, provide corrected feedback and check again for comprehension.<\/li>\n<li>Provide summary notes and information sheets to facilitate later recall, including key points, decisions to be made, and documents to bring to the next meeting, etc.<\/li>\n<li>Schedule appointments for times of the day when the client is at peak performance.<\/li>\n<li>Schedule multiple, shorter appointments rather than one lengthy appointment.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19824\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19824\" aria-controls=\"collapse19824\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> During the Court Process\u00a0<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19824\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19824\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><p><strong><span style=\"font-size: medium\"><u>During the Court Process<\/u><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium\">Having a holistic picture of your client and the factors that create vulnerability will promote inclusivity and accessibility for the client in court proceedings. The ability to anticipate the challenges that may arise due to the client\u2019s disability or your needs as a legal professional in representing that client, will allow you to advocate for required accommodations. This will ensure your client has the ability to participate in the proceedings to the fullest extent of their capabilities. This will ensure that accessibility and equity is paramount in a system that is very complicated and difficult to understand for individuals with Acquired Brain Injury or cognitive impairment. It is important to help create a plan of accommodation to assist your client in navigating the challenges of the court process. Ask medical, mental health or support staff for guidance to ensure you are covering the clients needs in physical, cognitive and emotional support needs. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"ea-card  sp-ea-single\"><h3 class=\"ea-header\"><a class=\"collapsed\" id=\"ea-header-19825\" data-sptoggle=\"spcollapse\" data-sptarget=\"#collapse19825\" aria-controls=\"collapse19825\" href=\"javascript:void(0)\"  aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><i class=\"ea-expand-icon ea-icon-expand-plus\"><\/i> Consideration When Creating a Court Support Plan:<\/a><\/h3><div class=\"sp-collapse spcollapse spcollapse\" id=\"collapse19825\" data-parent=\"#sp-ea-1982\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"ea-header-19825\"><div class=\"ea-body\"><p><strong><u>For consideration in Creating a Court Support Plan:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>How will the proceedings affect my client's emotional energy?<\/li>\n<li>Will the client\u2019s brain injury create challenges in communication, understanding and ability to answer questions or produce an accurate timeline of events?<\/li>\n<li>Can proceedings be scheduled during the time of day that is best suited to my client\u2019s needs?<\/li>\n<li>What type of behaviours could be disruptive due to the individual's cognitive impairment\/ABI? What ways can I help to support or address this?<\/li>\n<li>Will the client have access to a sensory item to decrease anxiety?<\/li>\n<li>Is the client able to have a communication advocate? - <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><strong><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdacanada.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Communication Disabilities Access Canada\u00a0(CDAC)<\/a><\/strong><\/span> has a database of professionals who can provide assistance to individuals who need communication support due to issues such as brain injury. They can also provide more information, <span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cdacanada.com\/resources\/communication-assistance-database\/about\/people-who-assist-with-communication\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HERE<\/a><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>Will the client be able to understand their rights and responsibilities during the proceedings?<\/li>\n<li>Are there physical barriers that require adaptive assistance or support?<\/li>\n<li>Will diagrams or pictures be helpful in explaining the proceedings?<\/li>\n<li>Will the client be able to use sunglasses or glasses to reduce light sensitivity?<\/li>\n<li>Can I access any of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.abijustice.org\/legal-professionals\/resources-printable-tools\/\"><u>these resources to provide support<\/u><\/a> to my client?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1602092631944{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;WORKING WITH VULNERABLE PERSONS&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#11ae4b&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1602092654777{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_video link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iOaV4gGQvpM&#8221;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong><u>How Lawyers can work with clients who live with brain injury&#8230;<\/u><\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nIn this video, Robert Ben, partner at Thomson Rogers Lawyers, discusses how lawyers can work effectively with people who live with brain injury.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601556947714{padding-top: 30px !important;padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;LIVING STORIES&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#11ae4b&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601556925164{padding-bottom: 30px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<strong><u>The Invisible Me<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Invisible Me was produced by the Toronto Police Service with the direction of the Toronto Police Service Disabilities Community Consultative Committee as a training tool for police officers. The Committee was assembled in 2016, to help strengthen partnerships within the diverse communities of Torontonians living with disabilities. The committee is comprised of police officers of different ranks, as well as members, service providers and advocates from the community.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_video link=&#8221;https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-puai7yv9-M&amp;feature=emb_logo&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row full_width=&#8221;stretch_row&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601661547248{padding-top: 60px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/4&#8243;][vc_separator][vc_wp_custommenu nav_menu=&#8221;31&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;3\/4&#8243;][vc_text_separator title=&#8221;Working with Vulnerable Persons&#8221; color=&#8221;custom&#8221; accent_color=&#8221;#11ae4b&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1601661013517{padding-bottom: 20px !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text]Legal Professionals Representing Vulnerable Clients In this section you will find information to consider&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1521,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_bbp_topic_count":0,"_bbp_reply_count":0,"_bbp_total_topic_count":0,"_bbp_total_reply_count":0,"_bbp_voice_count":0,"_bbp_anonymous_reply_count":0,"_bbp_topic_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_reply_count_hidden":0,"_bbp_forum_subforum_count":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1523","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.5 (Yoast SEO v26.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Working with Vulnerable Persons - ABI Justice - Legal Experts<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Working with vulnerable persons. 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